Immediate pre-learning stress enhances baseline startle response and fear acquisition in a fear-potentiated startle paradigm
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Conditioned fear extinction and reinstatement in a human fear-potentiated startle paradigm.
The purpose of this study was to analyze fear extinction and reinstatement in humans using fear-potentiated startle. Participants were fear conditioned using a simple discrimination procedure with colored lights as the conditioned stimuli (CSs) and an airblast to the throat as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Participants were extinguished 24 h after fear conditioning. Upon presentation of unsi...
متن کاملSecond-order olfactory-mediated fear-potentiated startle.
Recently, we reported that discrete (4-sec) olfactory cues paired with footshock serve as effective conditioned stimuli (CSs) for potentiating the acoustic startle response in rats using the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Because odors are such salient cues for the rat, and because of the robust olfactory conditioning observed previously, the current studies investigated second-order fear c...
متن کاملAX+, BX- discrimination learning in the fear-potentiated startle paradigm: possible relevance to inhibitory fear learning in extinction.
The neural mechanisms of fear suppression most commonly are studied through the use of extinction, a behavioral procedure in which a feared stimulus (i.e., one previously paired with shock) is nonreinforced repeatedly, leading to a reduction or elimination of the fear response. Although extinction is perhaps the most convenient index of fear inhibition, a great deal of behavioral work suggests ...
متن کاملThe role of amygdala glutamate receptors in fear learning, fear-potentiated startle, and extinction.
Using a paradigm known as fear-potentiated startle, we have examined the neurobiological substrates of Pavlovian fear conditioning. In these experiments, rats are trained to fear an initially neutral stimulus by pairing that stimulus with shock. The amount of fear elicited by the stimulus [i.e., now a conditioned stimulus (CS)] is later assessed by presenting startle-eliciting noise bursts both...
متن کاملAX+/BX- discrimination learning in the fear-potentiated startle paradigm in monkeys.
Individuals with anxiety disorders often do not respond to safety signals and hence continue to be afraid and anxious. Consequently, it is important to develop paradigms in animals that can directly study brain systems involved in learning about, and responding to, safety signals. We previously developed a discrimination procedure in rats of the form AX+/BX-, where cues A and X presented togeth...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Behavioural Brain Research
سال: 2019
ISSN: 0166-4328
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111980